Controle de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli in vitro e em sementes, e promoção do crescimento inicial do feijoeiro comum por Trichoderma harzianum
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar seis isolados de Trichoderma harzianum no controle de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli em sementes, e seu efeito no crescimento inicial do feijoeiro comum. Os isolados foram inicialmente confrontados in vitro com o patógeno em testes de cultura pareada e antibiose a 25ºC. Sementes sadias e artificialmente infectadas pelo patógeno foram microbiolizadas com 2 mL de suspensões dos antagonistas (2,5 x 108 conídios mL-1) para cada 100 g de sementes, em rolo de papel germtest a 20 e 25°C. Os percentuais de incidência do patógeno e de plântulas normais foram avaliados aos sete e nove dias, respectivamente. Em casa de vegetação, os isolados foram aplicados a 5 x 109 conídios 500 g-1 de substrato autoclavado, com avaliação do comprimento das raízes e parte aérea das plantas 11 dias após o semeio (12 plantas tratamento-1). Todos os isolados apresentaram antagonismo in vitro contra o patógeno. Os isolados CEN202, CEN234, CEN238, CEN240 foram superiores à testemunha no controle de F. oxysporum em sementes, reduzindo entre 35 e 51% da incidência do patógeno e proporcionando entre 73 e 81% de plântulas normais. O comprimento total das plantas com tratamento CEN239 (37,43 cm) foi superior aos demais, cujo comprimento variou entre 27,84 e 33,95 cm.
Control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp phaseoli in vitro and on seeds and growth promotion of common bean in early stages by Trichoderma harzianum
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic capacity of six isolates of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli on infected seeds and its effect on the early stages of growth in bean plants. The isolates were also evaluated in dual culture assays and under in vitro antibiosis at 25ºC. Healthy and infected seeds were treated with 2 mL 100 g-1 seeds of the antagonist suspensions (2.5 x 108 conidia mL-1) for healthy evaluation using blotter method at 20 and 25°C. The percentages of pathogen incidence and normal seedlings were evaluated at seven and nine days, respectively. The isolates were applied at 5 x 109 conidia 500 g-1 of sterilized substrate in greenhouse. After 11 days, roots and shoots of the bean plants were measured (12 plants treatment-1). Every isolate of T. harzianum presented in vitro antagonism against the pathogen. The strains CEN202, CEN234, CEN238 and CEN240 offered better control of F. oxysporum on seeds than the positive check, causing a reduction between 35 and 51% in pathogen incidence and 73-81% of normal seedling emergence. The total length of the plants treated with CEN239 (37.43 cm) was longer than the other treatments, with length varying between 27.84 and 33.95 cm.
